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Wednesday, 14 March 2007

The breakdown of organic Sorghum

Organic agriculture promote energetic saving, trough the right choice of alternative ways respect to common practices used in conventional cultivation processes. Corn represent one of the main animal nutrition feedstuff even if its culture is strongly linked with a high use of water for irrigation, especially in region characterized by a low rain period during spring and summer. So, other solutions are required in the name of environment and money saving. Africans used Sorghum since hundred of years thanks to its resistance to dry climate conditions.

We can evaluate that corn needs 4500 m3/ha of water; on the contrary Sorghum requires almost 2200m3/ha. Therefore, we have to spry almost 550 litres of water in order to produce 1 kg of corn seeds, while only 350 litres for 1 kg of Sorghum grains for an harvest of almost 6 and 8 tons/ha respectively.

That reveal the central importance of Sorghum in crop rotations linked with animal husbandry.

Unfortunately in Italy we have a paradox: no one sell organic Sorghum seeds since too many years even if south regions have a strong summer water deficiency. In addition there is a lack of any encouraging promotional programs to move farms into organic Sorghum seeds production. Besides nearly the whole commercialised Sorghum has been treated with pesticides, such as Tetrasol® (Thiram), making it unusable in organic agriculture.

In conclusion, I’m wondering why it happens and which is the best solution to adopt! In the next years I will try to make Sorghum seeds by my self, facing all the expected technical difficulties - such as mildew, seed germinability, and so on… - that are common and frequent in a small farms, but irrelevant for an organized corporation…

Waiting some interesting suggestions,
Best wishes.
Jacopo Goracci

jgoracciATvetDOTunipiDOTit
jacopogoracciAThotmailDOTcom

Terra Madre delegate, 09:40:AM | 2006 Event | Comment (42)

Monday, 19 February 2007

Sorgo: biologico impossibile

L’agricoltura biologica promuove da sempre il risparmio energetico soprattutto attraverso la scelta di canali alternativi rispetto a quelli comunemente percorsi nel circuito “convenzionale�. La coltivazione del mais, importante alimento per l’alimentazione animale, risulta però strettamente legata al grande consumo di acqua per l’irrigazione, soprattutto nelle regioni centro-meridionali dell’Italia caratterizzate da una scarsa piovosità nel periodo primaverile-estivo. Da qui sorge l’esigenza di trovare altre soluzioni più rispettose dell’ambiente e delle “tasche� dei contadini. In Africa, per esempio, la coltivazione del sorgo (di cui ho avuto la fortuna di acquistarne un po’ da un’amica agricoltrice del Mali nell’Agorà di Terra Madre!) viene praticata fin dall’antichità, grazie alla sua grande resistenza ai climi aridi.

Facendo due conti possiamo notare che con un volume di adacquamento pari a circa 2200 m3/ha per il sorgo e 4500 m3/ha per il mais, otteniamo circa 350 litri di acqua utilizzati per produrre 1 kg di sorgo contro più di 550 litri per ottenerne uno di mais (calcolando una resa media rispettivamente di 60 e 80 q.li/ha). Da ciò si può capire il grande risparmio energetico ed economico nella scelta del sorgo come coltura miglioratrice da rinnovo nelle rotazioni agronomiche.

Ecco il paradosso: in Italia non esiste (o quasi) sorgo coltivato con metodo biologico. Inoltre, quello convenzionale viene sistematicamente trattato per esempio con Tetrasol® (Thiram) rendendolo INUTILIZZABILE in agricoltura biologica. E se questo venisse seminato, verrebbe rimesso in conversione il campo stesso, a causa dei residui lasciati dagli anticrittogamici. Tutto ciò avviene nell’indifferenza generale.

Mi chiedo, quindi, come ciò possa accadere senza che nessuno faccia niente per cercare strade alternative (anche se mi rendo conto della difficoltà di mantenere vitale il seme di sorgo senza imbattersi in “fenomeni degenerativi� come le muffe) e incentivare una produzione biologica perfettamente in linea con il risparmio energetico, il ridotto impiego di fonti non rinnovabili (i.e. acqua) e l’agricoltura eco-compatibile!

Salutandovi, vi chiedo se possibile consigli e/o suggerimenti in merito.

Jacopo Goracci

jgoracciATvetDOTunipiDOTit
jacopogoracciAThotmailDOTcom

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Terra Madre delegate, 17:58:PM | 2006 Event | Comment (2)

Saturday, 17 February 2007

An Incredible Gift

My husband Alex and I were two of the extremely fortunate participants in both Terra Madre events.  There really hasn’t been a separation in the two events for us happily it has been a continuation.  So, I have to start talking about Terra Madre 2004 in order to tell our story of Terra Madre 2006.

Terra Madre 2004. 
We spent our first day in Torino at the Palazzo di Lavoro watching as people from around the world poured through the doors.  They came by the bus load: groups from Mongolia and Brazil, the Congo and Sweden.  As the day wore on we became increasingly aware that this was going to be an experience like no other.  We were in a room, a giant room, with farmers literally from every corner of the world.  Just being in that room, was an incredibly powerful experience for me.  We were all just “thereâ€? in a proverbial sea of humanity.  As confusing and chaotic as it seemed at times that day I think it was the perfect way to begin. We were all reminded just how much communication can take place simply by looking another person in the eye and wanting to understand.  At one moment I stood face to face with a farmer from Afghanistan. We looked each other in the eye, we understood each other, we touched hands. I will remember the moment forever.

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Terra Madre delegate, 16:04:PM | 2006 Event | Comment (8)

Wednesday, 31 January 2007

From our paddock to your plate: connecting producers to co-producers

From our paddock to your plate –connecting producers to co-producers
In slow food we have read & heard much about how producers should reconnect to their co-producers giving them the joy of savoring fresh local seasonal produce. For some, farmers markets are a logical way to do this but it does not work for everyone. For the past 20 odd years Nirvana Organic Farm& Produce have been doing this in a unique way that goes beyond just selling produce.
As a small orchard in the urban fringe area of the Adelaide Hills just 20 minutes drive from Adelaide’s CBD (Capital city of South Australia) we have taken advantage of our location to develop a unique small business & lifestyle that not only brings the co-producers to us but also the world.
In the beginning we sold direct to retailers & restaurants .This required a lot of running around & selling, especially to restaurants whose chefs changed regularly & were never prepared to pay a fair price. (They often advertised they sold local produce but only in their dreams did they use such produce) We started selling our produce direct from our farm, constructed a small shop, & built up a clientele of individuals who appreciate quality produce.
Our produce is seasonally based, in early summer (Christmas) we produce raspberries, red & white currants & English gooseberries. Latter in summer we have blackcurrants & mulberries. Then autumn our main crop of chestnuts. In addition I make a range of jams & preserves from our produce which adds to the diversity we offer.  Each crop has its own band of addicted co-producers. The advantages of this system are
• Fresh seasonal produce. When something is in season we put out a sign, many wait for the sign but some that can’t wait ring & order in advance. People are gradually beginning to understand the seasons & the shorter the season the special the taste.
• Co-producers meet the producers and visa versa. This is a great way to learn about what certain crops mean to different people, their recipes or that ‘these are the best raspberries I’ve had since I left Scotland’ on enquiring how long that was? ‘36years!’
• We can boast that the produce has traveled no more than 200metres & have been picked for opium quality.
• We can keep working. When someone comes to the shop they press a radio controlled beeper & we then can respond & serve them.
• Some of the crops are visible from the shop. This is an added experience especially with the chestnuts as often the grandfather will show the grandchildren the trees & burrs & tell them how it was in Italy 50 years ago.

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Slow Food convivium leader, 10:01:AM | 2006 Event | Comment (13)

Sunday, 28 January 2007

Photos Terra Madre and Salone del Gusto 2006

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Rui Hassenkam Serzedelo
Copenhagen-North Zealand Convivium - Denmark
rui_hsAThotmailDOTcom

Slow Food convivium leader, 17:20:PM | 2006 Event | Comment (51)

Tuesday, 16 January 2007

Slow Food Minnesota Presents: Tales of Terra Madre

A dinner, forum and farmers market in honor of Slow Food Minnesota’s delegates to the Terra Madre conference
Sunday, December 17 :: Martin Luther King Recreation Center :: Minneapolis

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The sun shone through the south-facing clerestory windows of the meeting room at Martin Luther King park onto 70 Slow Food enthusiasts seated at long communal tables topped with deep green cloths and set with our convivium’s white dinnerware. Guests enjoyed a cheese course as the program began. (One cheese was the first Big Woods Blue produced by Shepherd’s Way Farms since an arsonist set fire to their property two years ago. The flavor was magnificent! We drank freshly pressed apple cider — floral, and not-too-sweet — which was a perfect foil for the cheese [given that alcohol was not permitted].)

The first speakers were Slow Food Minnesota’s delegates to Terra Madre 2006, Lori and Alan Callister of Callister Farm, Dave and Florence Minar of Cedar Summit Farm and Tammy and Steve Schotthofer of Promised Land Farm. They discussed their experiences in Turin and showed pictures. Stephen Read of Shepherd’s Way, a delegate to the 2004 Terra Madre conference added his thoughts. Ron Huff moderated. Everyone agreed that being among thousands of artisanal producers and seeing and tasting the foods they make was inspiring.

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Slow Food convivium leader, 23:25:PM | 2006 Event | Comment (31)

Saturday, 13 January 2007

Una experiencia en marcha para recuperar y readaptar la biodiversidad de Cusi Cusi - Puna Jujeña â€

1. Descripcion de actividades
2. Actividades complementarias
3 Conclusiones

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Terra Madre delegate, 02:45:AM | 2006 Event | Comment (6)

Saturday, 06 January 2007

Valorisation des cultures mineures de diversification : Une nécessité pour le Bénin

AUTEUR:
Emile N. HOUNGBO,
Ingénieur agroéconomiste,
DEA en Socioéconomie de l’environnement et du développement durable,
Doctorant,
Président de l’ONG GRAAP,
05 BP 774 Cotonou (République du Bénin),
Tél. (229) 90943976,
E-mail :

LE PROBLEME

La perte de la biodiversité constitue de nos jours l’une des principales péoccupations pour la promotion de la production agricole et de la sauvegarde de l’environnement. Ceci est dû au constat depuis quelques décennies de la forte corrélation constatée entre l’environnement et la qualité de vie et le bien-être de l’Homme. Il s’agit d’une réalité tant à l’échelle du Bénin qu’à l’échelle planétaire.

Malheureusement, l’agriculture est de plus en plus moins diversifiée au Bénin. En plus du fonio, du taro, du sésame, du gingembre qui ont presqu’entièrement disparu, il s’observe une certaine négligence vis-à-vis des cultures telles que les bananes plantains et la courge qui, si rien fait, finiront elles aussi par disparaître. Où allons-nous avec cet état de choses si l’on se rappelle la vérité évidente de l’utilité sociale, économique et sociale de ces espèces. Rappelons que chacune d’elle a, avec certitude, des valeurs d’usage (direct et indirect) et des valeurs de non usage, toutes d’intérêt indéniable pour l’espèce humaine d’aujourd’hui et de demain.

L’analyse des contraintes permet de mettre en évidence la faible satisfaction de la demande des produits issus de ces cultures mineures. Cette situation est due entre autres à l’ignorance de ces cultures par la génération montante, à la faible valorisation des cultures, à la faible productivité, aux pertes élevés à la post-récolte, à la faible promotion des diverses formes de conservation/transformation artisanale des produits. La faible valorisation est due à la faible connaissance des potentialités des cultures mineures de diversification et aux considérations occultes attribuées à certaines d’entre elles. Cette faible diversification qui se manifeste du reste par la primauté accordée aux cultures majeures telles que le coton, l’ananas, le maïs et l’arachide induit à plusieurs égards des effets socio-économiques et environnementaux importants qui s’avèrent défavorables au développement agricole du pays.

En somme, nous pensons que la situation de sauvegarde des espèces est déjà plus que préoccupante au Bénin pour deux raisons au moins :

- En tant que principale culture d’exportation, le coton fait l’objet d’une monoculture intensive avec son corollaire de dégradation du couvert végétal et des sols. cette monoculture du coton induit même la réduction de la production des cultures vivrières de base comme le coton et le niébé, et fragilise ainsi la sécurité alimentaire et l’équilibre nutritionnel des populations.

- La faible diversification des produits d’exportation coton fragilise l’économie nationale dans la mesure où les recettes d’exportation du Bénin n’arrivent pas à résister valablement à une variation, même faible, des cours du coton sur le marché international. L’échec des négociations commerciales de Cancun en 2003 ne laisse guère présager une amélioration imminente.

QUE FAIRE ?

Pour rémédier à cette situation déplorable, il apparaît opportun à notre avis de promouvoir au Bénin les cultures mineures de diversification (bananes plantins, Goussi, taro, sésame, piment, …) dont l’utilité était longtemps connue, notamment pour la subsistance des populations. Paradoxalement, ces cultures mineures bénéficient de peu d’attention de la recherche-développement nécessaire à l’accroisement de leur production. Or, des innovations pertinentes ou potentielles de leur valorisation existent de façon éparse dans le pays. Les bananes plantains par exemple s’inscrivent dans la catégorie des produits potentiellement exportables par le Bénin vers le reste du monde, mais qui sont peu ou presque pas cultivées dans la plupart des régions favorables du pays (INRAB, 2001). Quant à la courge, communément appelée « Goussi » ou « Egussi », ses graines sont jusque-là négligées en termes de production de grand champ, alors qu’elles sont très appréciées comme condiments dans les sauces par les populations (INRAB, 2000). Le taro est transformé en quelques mets dans certaines régions seulement.

A ce sujet, bien que des efforts commencent par être fournis pour rassembler la documentation disponible sur le bananier, la caractérisation des genres de Goussi existant au Bénin, le recensement des insectes inféodés au Goussi, l’amélioration variétale du bananier aux fins de contourner les contraintes de sa production, l’amélioration et la conservation du piment pili-pili, la fertilisation du gingembre, il demeure cependant que des données manquent quant à l’amélioration potentielle du rendement de la plupart des cultures mineures de diversification et aux facteurs socioculturels et économiques qui retiennent les paysans à s’investir dans la production en vraie grandeur de ces spéculations. Ces aspects pourraient être pris en compte par un programme approprié de recherche-développement à l’échelle nationale.

REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES

Dossa, S. J, Codjia, T. C. (2003) : Etude des facteurs de distribution et de croissance du champignon comestible Volvariella volvacea au Bénin. In Actes de l’atelier scientifique de l’INRAB n°4. Cotonou. P43.

INRAB-Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (2001): Rapport annuel 2000. INRAB, Cotonou. Pp 43-46.

INRAB-Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (2000): Rapport annuel 1999. INRAB, Cotonou. PP 10-11.

Lokossou, B., Houédjissin, R., Atropo, P. (2003) : Evaluation variétale et sélection participative de bananiers plantains au sud Bénin. In Actes de l’atelier scientifique de l’INRAB n°4. Cotonou. P44.

Quenum, F. J-B. (2003) : Evaluation du potentiel de stockage des semences ultra-sèches de germoplasme de sésame (Sesamum indicum L.). In Actes de l’atelier scientifique de l’INRAB n°4. Cotonou. P47.

Terra Madre delegate, 17:23:PM | 2006 Event | Comment (2)

Friday, 05 January 2007

Slow Food New Orleans Host California TM Delegates

Because we had all been at the same monastary outside of Turin, and because we were
on the bus going to and from Terra Madre everyday, CA farmers Rick and Kristie Knoll got on so famously with the
New Orleans crew that they decided to begin their 2 week winter vacation
here in New Orleans.

Rick is such an inspirational, out of the box wizard that by sharing with
him the devastation and the challenges we face in New Orleans he was able to
suggest many fascinating solutions to some of our troubles.

During the time that he and Kristie shared with us we visited with the New
Orleans delegates, travelling down into Plaquemine Parish through the few
still existing citrus groves, all the way to Empire to see the extent of
damage to the Tvrdeic’s oystering community.

They spent time with [TM delegate] Kay Brandhurst at the Saturday market (and we ate LOTS
of the Brandhurst’s delicious shrimp!)

Of course we made the usual trips through the Lakeview area where the 17th
Street Canal break occurred and travelled throughout the 9th Ward into St.
Bernard Parish where the Brandhurst’s formerly had their home and business....

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Slow Food, 18:25:PM | 2006 Event | Comment (80)

Sunday, 31 December 2006

Revolution in the Air

I have always thought I was born a generation too late and believed the 60’s were the last great chance for political activism. Nothing since has ever grabbed me and made me want to put all my heart into fighting for a cause. After being in a room full of 6000 people and listening the Slow Food’s founder Carlo Petrini speak at the opening ceremonies (attended by Italy’s President and various other governors, mayors, and policy makers), I can imagine what it must have felt like to listen to Martin Luther King or Che Guevara. The power of being in a room with so many people who think the same way and are united under a leader whose every word resonates with vision, kindness, justice, passion and common sense is what fuels revolutions. The buzz from our common passion to save diversity, culture, and good food made us all believe we were touching the one weapon powerful enough to bridge political differences and create a thriving global sustainable food network.

I believe that the “food movement� is at the heart of the counter culture movements and is a commanding global force in combating the omnipotent powers of the false democracy of the industrialized nations and the power of money that allows corporations to run the world. The Slow Food movement encompasses other counter culture movements- environmental, peace, social justice, and education reform- but it has a secret weapon: it is motivated by pleasure and taste.* A quote from Alice Waters printed on the walls of the Olympic ice skating rink sums it up perfectly: “Loving food is the most personal and least abstract way to be an environmentalist.�

Through workshops, farm stays, shared meals, and opportunities to attend Salone del Gusto, participants had ample opportunities to discuss methods of production, marketing, and processing and share their traditional wisdom and knowledge. As an observer at Terra Madre (I’m a freelance writer, founder of The Ecogastronomy Initiative and leader of Slowfood in the Tetons I have identified the following themes from Terra Madre. What am I missing? Do you have something to add? Please comment..

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Slow Food convivium leader, 15:01:PM | 2006 Event | Comment (18)